Evaluación reproductiva de seis lecherías en El Salvador.

El estudio realizado consistió en una evaluación de la reproducción para vacas y novillas con partos en el año 2003.Se incluyeron seis ganaderías en el estudio: San Benito, ubicada en Candelaria de La Frontera; San Antonio en Atiquizaya; Santa Ana en Santa Nilo 1 y Nilo 2 en Zacatecoluca y la Estación Experimental y de prácticas de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas en San Luis Talpa. Las lecherías se escogieron en base al tipo de manejo bueno, regular y deficiente, incluyendo dos fincas en cada estrato. La duración del estudio fue de nueve meses a partir de la elaboración del anteproyecto en Enero, pasando por visitas previas a las propiedades y toma de información entre Mayo y Junio y el análisis de la información entre Junio y Septiembre del 2003.El período estudiado comprendió los partos del 01 de Enero de 2003 al 31 de Diciembre de 2003. En total se estudiaron 621 partos de vacas y 222 de novillas. Con la principal finalidad de tratar de establecer algunas relaciones del desempeño reproductivo con las condiciones propias de nuestro país, se estudiaron los parámetros reproductivos Días abiertos, Intervalo Entre Partos, Edad al Primer Parto y Servicios por Concepción para vacas y novillas por separado. La información necesaria fue recolectada de los registros de la explotación tomando fechas de partos, fechas de servicio fértil, fechas de nacimientos para novillas y número de servicios por animal. Luego de analizada la información no se encontró mayor relación entre el desempeño reproductivo y el número de lactancias, aunque si se notó que la eficiencia reproductiva se mejora en hatos con vacas de no más de seis lactancias. También se observó que existe una marcad estacionalidad en las concepciones para los meses de Enero a Marzo, posiblemente a una menor temperatura y Humedad relativa y una mayor disponibilidad de alimentos. La edad al primer parto es un factor muy incidente sobre el desempeño reproductivo de las vacas lecheras, de modo que un primer parto a una edad avanzada mejora la reproducción de las vacas en detrimento de la economía de la empresa. Finalmente, también se notó la preocupación en los hatos bien manejados por criar reemplazos de buena calidad y en el menor tiempo posible. De manera general se notó que los parámetros reproductivos encontrados como promedio general de las fincas estudiadas se encuentran en un rango bastante aceptable para las condiciones en que se maneja la ganadería lechera en El Salvador

Utjecaj pogače sjemenki bundeve i ekstrudiranog lana u obrocima na hematološko-biokemijske pokazatelje u krvi i na kvalitetu mlijeka alpske koze tijekom rane laktacije

Due to the high content of crude protein and high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, pumpkin seed cake (PSC) could be a good quality feedstuff for ruminants, while extruded linseed (ELS) has already shown some beneficial effect on fatty acids proportion of goat milk. Besides, lactation is the most demanding period when monitoring the metabolic condition of animal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of PSC and ELS replacing soybean meal in diets of dairy goats on blood haemato-chemical parameters and milk quality. A 28 lactating French Alpine dairy goats were monitored within 20 days in early lactation. Diet of each groups had a balanced content of energy and crude protein, and a slight difference in lipid content. Goats in control group (n = 9) received soybean meal and extruded soybean. In experimental groups soybean was partially replaced with ELS (n = 10) or completely with PSC (n = 9). Dietary treatments had no effect on haemato-chemical parameters, although PSC increased concentration of globulins in serum. PSC lowered linoleic acid compared to control. ELS increased proportion of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and total n-3 fatty acids in milk. Positive correlations were found between non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ratio C18:1/C15:0, NEFA and ratio C17:0/C15:0, as well as β-hydroxybutyrate and ratio C17:0/C15:0. The replacement of soybean meal with PSC or partially with ELS is feasible with respect to haemato-chemical parameters of early lactating dairy goats, while ELS had much beneficial effect on fatty acids compared to PSC.Zbog visokog sadržaja sirovih bjelančevina i visoke koncentracije nezasićenih masnih kiselina, pogača sjemenki bundeve (PSC) potencijalno je kvalitetno krmivo za preživače, dok je ekstrudirani lan (ELS) u obrocima koza već pokazao blagotvoran utjecaj na kvalitetu kozjeg mlijeka. Laktacija je vrlo zahtjevno razdoblje za praćenje metaboličkog statusa životinja. Prema tome, cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj PSC i ELS na hematološko-biokemijske pokazatelje u krvi i na kvalitetu mlijeka, kao zamjena za soju u obrocima mliječnih koza. Istraživanje je provedeno s 28 koza pasmine francuska alpine koje su bile podijeljene u dvije pokusne skupine tijekom 20 dana u ranoj laktaciji. Obroci su bili izbalansirani u pogledu energije i sadržaja sirovih bjelančevina, uz neznatne razlike sadržaja lipida. Obroci kontrolne skupine (n = 9) sadržavali su sačmu i ekstrudiranu soju. U obrocima pokusnih skupina soja je djelomično zamijenjena s ELS (n = 10) ili u potpunosti zamijenjena s PSC (n = 9). Hematološko-biokemijski pokazatelji u krvi koza nisu rezultirali značajnijim promjenama pod utjecajem hranidbe, iako je obrok s PSC povećao koncentraciju globulina u serumu. PSC je rezultirao smanjenjem linolne kiseline (n-6) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. ELS obroci povećali su koncentraciju α-linolenske, eikozapentaenske kiseline i koncentraciju ukupnih n-3 masnih kiselina u mlijeku. Utvrđene su pozitivne korelacije između ne-esterificiranih masnih kiselina (NEFA) i C18:1/C15:0, NEFA te C17:0/C15:0, kao i β-hidroksibutirata te C17:0/C15:0. Potpuna zamjena sačme i ekstrudirane soje s PSC ili djelomično s ELS opravdana je s obzirom na hematološko-biokemijske pokazatelje koza u ranoj laktaciji, dok je ELS imao blagotvoran utjecaj na masne kiseline u mlijeku u odnosu na PSC

Coefficient shifts in geographical ecology: an empirical evaluation of spatial and non-spatial regression

Copyright © 2009 The Authors. Copyright © ECOGRAPHY 2009.A major focus of geographical ecology and macro ecology is to understand the causes of spatially structured ecological patterns. However, achieving this understanding can be complicated when using multiple regressions, because the relative importance of explanatory variables, as measured by regression coefficients, can shift depending on whether spatially explicit or non-spatial modelling is used. However, the extent to which coefficients may shift and why shifts occur are unclear. Here, we analyze the relationship between environmental predictors and the geographical distribution of species richness, body size, range size and abundance in 97 multi-factorial data sets. Our goal was to compare standardized partial regression coefficients of non-spatial ordinary least squares regressions (i.e. models fitted using ordinary least squares without taking autocorrelation into account; “OLS models” hereafter) and eight spatial methods to evaluate the frequency of coefficient shifts and identify characteristics of data that might predict when shifts are likely. We generated three metrics of coefficient shifts and eight characteristics of the data sets as predictors of shifts. Typical of ecological data, spatial autocorrelation in the residuals of OLS models was found in most data sets. The spatial models varied in the extent to which they minimized residual spatial autocorrelation. Patterns of coefficient shifts also varied among methods and datasets, although the magnitudes of shifts tended to be small in all cases. We were unable to identify strong predictors of shifts, including the levels of autocorrelation in either explanatory variables or model residuals. Thus, changes in coefficients between spatial and non-spatial methods depend on the method used and are largely idiosyncratic, making it difficult to predict when or why shifts occur. We conclude that the ecological importance of regression coefficients cannot be evaluated with confidence irrespective of whether spatially explicit modelling is used or not. Researchers may have little choice but to be more explicit about the uncertainty of models and more cautious in their interpretation

Actas de las V Jornadas ScienCity 2022. Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES

Effects of Type of Concentrate and Timing of Supplementation on Feed Intake, Nitrogen Use, and Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing an Alfalfa-Ryegrass Sward

The aim was to analyze the effects of two cereal grains differing in nutritional composition and starch degradation characteristics and the timing of their supplementation on feed intake, rumen microbial protein synthesis (MPS), performance, and nitrogen use of lactating dairy cows grazing an alfalfa-ryegrass sward. Four dietary treatments were tested in 24 lactating Brown Swiss cows in an incomplete 4 × 3 Latin square design. Cows were supplemented with 3.5 kg/d (as-fed basis) of a corn-based or an oat-based concentrate mixture (CM), of which either the majority (2.5 vs. 1.0 kg/d) was offered before or after grazing. Feed intake was similar across diets, but the interaction between type of CM and timing of supplementation affected eating time (p = 0.010), milk protein (p = 0.013) and energy-corrected milk yields (p = 0.025), efficiency of rumen MPS (p = 0.094), and nitrogen use efficiency (p = 0.081). Most of these variables were greater when the majority of the corn-based CM was offered after grazing and the oat-based CM before grazing. Supplementing slowly degradable starch sources after and rapidly degradable starch sources before grazing may improve the efficiency of rumen MPS, milk performance, and nitrogen use efficiency in dairy cows grazing alfalfa-ryegrass swards

Algae as Feedstuff for Ruminants: A Focus on Single-Cell Species, Opportunistic Use of Algal By-Products and On-Site Production

There is a wide range of algae species originating from a variety of freshwater and saltwater habitats. These organisms form nutritional organic products via photosynthesis from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide. Ruminants can utilize the non-protein nitrogen (N) and the cell walls in algae, along with other constituents such as minerals and vitamins. Over recent decades, awareness around climate change has generated new interest into the potential of algae to suppress enteric methane emissions when consumed by ruminants and their potential to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide. Despite the clear potential benefits, large-scale algae-livestock feedstuff value chains have not been established due to the high cost of production, processing and transport logistics, shelf-life and stability of bioactive compounds and inconsistent responses by animals under controlled experiments. It is unlikely that algal species will become viable ingredients in extensive grazing systems unless the cost of production and practical systems for the processing, transport and feeding are developed. The algae for use in ruminant nutrition may not necessarily require the same rigorous control during the production and processing as would for human consumption and they could be grown in remote areas or in marine environments, minimizing competition with cropping, whilst still generating high value biomass and capturing important amounts of atmospheric carbon. This review will focus on single-cell algal species and the opportunistic use of algal by-products and on-site production

Pensar la inactualidad del pensamiento de Michel Foucault en contextos comparados. Reseña del libro Michel Foucault: neoliberalismo y biopolítica de Vanessa Lemm

Submitted by Franciele Moreira ([email protected]) on 2017-03-31T15:35:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Bradford Alan Hawkins - 2007 (2).pdf: 259727 bytes, checksum: 65c85e52b93375eea2c2c6adb5e11805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2017-04-04T12:34:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Bradford Alan Hawkins - 2007 (2).pdf: 259727 bytes, checksum: 65c85e52b93375eea2c2c6adb5e11805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2017-04-04T12:36:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Bradford Alan Hawkins - 2007 (2).pdf: 259727 bytes, checksum: 65c85e52b93375eea2c2c6adb5e11805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T12:36:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Bradford Alan Hawkins - 2007 (2).pdf: 259727 bytes, checksum: 65c85e52b93375eea2c2c6adb5e11805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08We compiled 46 broadscale data sets of species richness for a wide range of terrestrial plant, invertebrate, and ectothermic vertebrate groups in all parts of the world to test the ability of metabolic theory to account for observed diversity gradients. The theory makes two related predictions: (1) ln-transformed richness is linearly associated with a linear, inverse transformation of annual temperature, and (2) the slope of the relationship is near 0.65. Of the 46 data sets, 14 had no significant relationship; of the remaining 32, nine were linear, meeting prediction 1. Model I (ordinary least squares, OLS) and model II (reduced major axis, RMA) regressions then tested the linear slopes against prediction 2. In the 23 data sets having nonlinear relationships between richness and temperature, split-line regression divided the data into linear components, and regressions were done on each component to test prediction 2 for subsets of the data. Of the 46 data sets analyzed in their entirety using OLS regression, one was consistent with metabolic theory (meeting both predictions), and one was possibly consistent. Using RMA regression, no data sets were consistent. Of 67 analyses of prediction 2 using OLS regression on all linear data sets and subsets, two were consistent with the prediction, and four were possibly consistent. Using RMA regression, one was consistent (albeit weakly), and four were possibly consistent. We also found that the relationship between richness and temperature is both taxonomically and geographically conditional, and there is no evidence for a universal response of diversity to temperature. Meta-analyses confirmed significant heterogeneity in slopes among data sets, and the combined slopes across studies were significantly lower than the range of slopes predicted by metabolic theory based on both OLS and RMA regressions. We conclude that metabolic theory, as currently formulated, is a poor predictor of observed diversity gradients in most terrestrial systems

Molecular transition of SARS-CoV-2 from critical patients during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused unprecedented mortality since its emergence in late 2019. The continuous evolution of the viral genome through the concerted action of mutational forces has produced distinct variants that became dominant, challenging human immunity and vaccine development.Aim and methodsIn this work, through an integrative genomic approach, we describe the molecular transition of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing the viral whole genome sequences from 50 critical COVID-19 patients recruited during the first year of the pandemic in Mexico City.ResultsOur results revealed differential levels of the evolutionary forces across the genome and specific mutational processes that have shaped the first two epidemiological waves of the pandemic in Mexico. Through phylogenetic analyses, we observed a genomic transition in the circulating SARS-CoV-2 genomes from several lineages prevalent in the first wave to a dominance of the B.1.1.519 variant (defined by T478K, P681H, and T732A mutations in the spike protein) in the second wave.ConclusionThis work contributes to a better understanding of the evolutionary dynamics and selective pressures that act at the genomic level, the prediction of more accurate variants of clinical significance, and a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms driving the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to improve vaccine and drug development